2023-03-10 15:26:46来源:互联网
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学生通过大量的经典美文阅读能够开阔自己的视野,通过经典的美文阅读可以增加文化积淀和思想内涵,通过经典美文导读可以陶冶情操,提高素养。小编精心收集了英语经典美文,供大家欣赏学习!
论读书
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make jugment wholly by their rules, isthe humour of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. And therefore, if a man writelittle, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise; poetswitty; the mathematics subtitle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.Abeunt studia in mores. Nay there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of the body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for the stone and reins:shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; riding for the head; and the like. So if a man’s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematics; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let himstudy the Schoolmen; for they are cymini sectores. If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers’cases. So every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处 幽居之时;其博彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细亊或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观祭得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不 可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏、淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞之学使人 善辩:凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当 之书使之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡 有缺陷,皆有特药可医。
隐私如国境
There are quite a few questions that are supposed never to be asked about. It is impolite or rude even to mention them in a conversation. These topics include one’s age, income, marriage, religious belief and political position as well as any other fields of privacy.
In order to understand the American or western idea of a personal concept of privacy, one may think of theconcept of “territory”. As well known, a nation has borders or boundaries with other countries and everything within the border belongs to the nation alone and no one else.
One’s home - one’s castle
Is one able to enter another country without a passport - a permit from another? Absolutely not. It is thesame for one’s home.
If one enters someone else’s home without asking for permission, he is likely to be charged with trespassing or even burglary. Inside the house everything is within the territory of the owner, no one else. A bedroom is his or her castle. No one may visit it without permission.
Inside the room - confidential
No one has the right to open a closet, desk or drawer in the room - these are something secret in the hostor hostess’ castle. On top of the desk there may be letters, business papers or exercise books, these tooare within the owner’s territory. Never touch them or read them! Similarly never read over one’s shoulder when he or she is reading something!
You don’t want to behave like a spy, do you? Anything one is reading is his or her private property. Don’t invade it!
Income - a top secret
In the United States, one’s income is the top secret. Never even try to ask any questions about it! Avoidasking for dishonor. In the same way, it is impolite to inquire about one’s property or the cost of some articles. You may say how cool something is, but never ask about the price.
Age - taboo for everyone
Age is considered a taboo, especially for the ladies. They hate any topics about age, simply because they hate to get old, because they want to stay young forever! They are very sensitive to questions like: “When were you born?” or “Do you have artificial teeth?”
Never make any comment like “You have grey hair”, otherwise the males and females alike will beat you black and blue.
Religion - sensitive
Religion is what one believes in personally. It is totally a personal matter. Never ask,“Why do you worship as a Christian”, it is none of your business. Everyone has the freedom to believe as they choose in belief.
Politics - big men’s affairs
Politics is a sensitive topic too. It’s completely of personal opinion. There is no argument about taste,anyway. Besides, such questions as “Do you believe Israel will accept the conditions for peace talks?” should be on the agenda of those “big men”, not for a “nobody” like you and me.
有一些话题在谈话中永远不要涉及,提一提都是无礼、甚或粗鲁的行为。这些话题包括一个人的年龄、收入、婚姻状况、宗教信仰、政治立场以及其他个人领域的事物。为了理解美国以及其他西方国家有关个人隐私的观念,我们不妨从“领土”这个概念说起。众所周知,一国总以边境或边界与他国为界,而之内的一切亊物仅属于该国所有,别国不得侵犯。
住宅—个人城堡
假如没有护照(进入一国的许可证),任何人能够进入他国吗?绝不可能。同理,进入他人住宅也必须得到许可。
如果未经允许就闯进别人家里,轻则告你“撞闯民宅”,重则告你“入室行窃_”。同样,家里的一切都是主人领土上的财产,他人不得擅动。而卧室简直就是他或她的"城堡"——未经允许不得参观。
室内——保密
任何人都无权乱翻他人室内的衣柜、书桌或者抽屉——这些是主人城堡里的秘密!书桌上也许有信件、商务文函或练习本——这些也是他人境内的财产。千万别碰它们,也别拿来读。同样,当别人在阅读什么的时候,千万不要站在别人后面“偷”看!你不想成为一个间谍,是吧?别人正在阅读的一切都是他的私人财产,千万不要侵犯!
收入——最高机密
在美国,个人收入是最高机密。你甚至不要试图去打听有关的问题,不要自讨没趣!同样,询问他人的财产或某件物品的价格也是不礼貌的。你可以说某样东西多么多么酷,但就是别问价格!
年龄-个人禁忌
年龄是一个非常忌讳的问题,对于女士尤其如此。她们讨厌任何与年龄有关的话题,只因为她们害怕衰老,总想永葆青春!她们对和年龄有关的问题十分敏感,诸如“您什么时候出生的?”或者“您戴假牙吗?”。千万不要说"您的头发都白了一类的话,否则人家会把你揍得鼻青脸肿!
宗教——敏感的话题
宗教纯粹厲于个人信仰,其完全是个人的亊情。千万别问“您为什么信仰__”之类的话,这不关你的亊。再者说,人人都有信仰自由。
政治——大人物的亊
政治也是一个敏感的话题。它完全属于个人看法,无论如何也没什么好争论的。更何况,诸如“您认为以色列会接受和谈条件吗?”之类的问题是“大人物"们关心的事,不是你我这样的 "无名小卒"该管的。
热爱生活
However mean your life is, meet it and live it; do not shun it and call it hard names. It is not asbad as you are. It looks poorest when you are richest. The faultfinder will find faults even inparadise. Love your life, poor as it is. You may perhaps have some pleasant, thrilling, glorioushours, even in a poor house. The setting sun is reflected from the windows of the almshouseas brightly as from the rich man"s abode; the snow melts before its door as early in the spring.I do not see but a quiet mind may live as contentedly there, and have as cheering thoughts, asin a palace. The town"s poor seem to me often to live the most independent lives of any.Maybe they are simply great enough to receive without misgiving. Most think that they areabove being supported by the town; but it often happens that they are not above supportingthemselves by dishonest means, which should be more disreputable. Cultivate poverty like agarden herb, like sage. Do not trouble yourself much to get new things, whether clothes orfriends. Turn the old, return to them. Things do not change; we change. Sell your clothes andkeep your thoughts.
无论你的生活如何卑微,你都得面对与度过;不要逃避,也莫以恶言相加。生活不像你认为的那般坏。当你富甲天下之时,生活却显得贫瘠乏味。即使在天堂,吹毛求疵之人也能挑出缺点。即使生活贫穷,你也该热爱生活,因为就是在贫济院,你也有自己快乐、激动与光荣的岁月。夕阳照在贫济院窗上的反光与富人宅第上的一样夺目;其门前的积雪同样是在早春融 化。我只是看到,一个心绪宁静的人就算居住在贫济院,生活起来也会心满意足,思想愉悦,如同生活在皇宫中一样。在我看来,城镇中的贫民大凡过着最为无拘无束的生活。或许他们只是超乎寻常,不然岂会毫无疑惧地接受这一切。大多数人认为自己超凡脱俗而无须依赖城镇的资助,然而情况往往是,他们谋生靠的是不正当的手段,这更会让他们声名扫地。如圣人一般,视贫穷如园中的花草去慢慢地耕耘吧。不要自找麻烦地去追求新花样——衣服也好,朋友也好。翻开故往,回归故往。万物未变,我们在变。你的衣装可以卖掉,但要保留你的思想。