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名词语法讲解及练习题分类及用法

2022-12-01 14:29:56来源:互联网

近这段时间总有小伙伴问小编名词语法讲解及练习题分类及用法是什么,小编为此在网上搜寻了一些有关于名词语法讲解及练习题分类及用法的知识送给大家,希望能解答各位小伙伴的疑惑。


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  名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称的词,名词的语法知识分为几种。下面七考网小编为大家带来名词语法讲解及练习题,欢迎大家学习!

  名词语法讲解:名词复数的规则变化

情况

构成方法

读音

例词

一般情况

加 -s

清辅音后读/s/

map-maps

浊辅音和元音后读 /z/

bag-bags /car-cars

以s, sh, ch, x等结尾

加 -es

读 /iz/

bus-buses/ watch-watches

以ce, se, ze,等结尾

加 -s

读 /iz/

license-licenses

以辅音字母+y结尾

变y 为i再加es

读 /z/

baby---babies

  名词语法讲解:其它名词复数的规则变化

  1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如:

  two Marys     the Henrys

  monkey---monkeys  holiday---holidays

  2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: photo---photos   piano---pianos

  radio---radios   zoo---zoos;

  b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes  tomato--tomatoes

  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero---zeros / zeroes。

  3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:

  a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs  roof---roofs

  safe---safes  gulf---gulfs;

  b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halves

  knife---knives leaf---leaves  wolf---wolves

  wife---wives  life---lives  thief---thieves;

  c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。

  名词语法讲解:名词复数的不规则变化

  1) child---children  foot---feet  tooth---teeth

  mouse---mice    man---men  woman---women

  注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。

  2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。

  3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如:

  people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

  4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如:

  a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。

  b. news 为不可数名词。

  c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。

  The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

  d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如:

  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。

  5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。

  6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。

  名词语法讲解:不可数名词量的表示

  1)物质名词

  a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。

  比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。 (不可数)

  These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数)

  b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。例如:

  This factory produces steel. (不可数)

  We need various steels. (可数)

  c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如:

  Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

  Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。

  2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如:

  four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化

  物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。

  名词语法讲解:定语名词的复数

  名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。

  用复数作定语。例如:

  sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室

  talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系

  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如:

  men workers  women teachers  gentlemen officials

  3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如:

  goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产

  customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷

  4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如:

  two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋  a ten-mile walk 十英里路

  two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

  名词语法讲解:不同国籍人的单复数

国籍

总称(谓语用复数)

单数

复数

中国人

the Chinese

a Chinese 

two Chinese

瑞士人

the Swiss

a Swiss

two Swiss

澳大利亚人

the Australians 

an Australian

two Australians

俄国人

the Russians

a Russian

two Russians

意大利人

the Italians

an Italian

two Italians

希腊人

the Greek

a Greek

two Greeks

法国人

the French

a Frenchman

two Frenchmen

日本人

the Japanese

a Japanese

two Japanese

美国人

the Americans

an American

two Americans

印度人

the Indians

an Indian

two Indians

加拿大人

the Canadians

a Canadian

two Canadians

德国人

the Germans

a Germans

two Germans

英国人

the English

an Englishman

two Englishmen

瑞典人

the Swedish

a Swede

two Swedes

  名词语法讲解:名词的格

  英语中有些名词可以加""s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格,如:a teacher"s book。名词所有格的规则如下:

  1) 单数名词词尾加""s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加""s",如the boy"s bag 男孩的书包,men"s room 男厕所。

  2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加" " ",如:the workers" struggle 工人的斗争。

  3) 凡不能加""s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the title of the song 歌的名字。

  4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词,如:the barber"s 理发店。

  5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有"s,则表示"分别有";只有一个"s,则表示"共有"。例如:

  John"s and Mary"s rooms(两间)  John and Mary"s room(一间)

  6) 复合名词或短语,"s 加在后一个词的词尾。例如:a month or two"s absence

  名词语法练习题

  1. The commander said that two________ would be sent to the Iraqi front the next day.

  A. women’s doctor B. women doctors C. women’s doctors D. women doctor

  2. “Look! The police ________ here to keep order! Go away quickly,” one of them shouted.

  A. is coming B. comes C. are coming D. has come

  3. She could not speak English, but made her wishes known by means of _____.

  A. signs B. sighs C. movements D. words

  4. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the affair simply doesn’t make any _____.

  A. idea B. meaning C. sense D. point

  5. Shelly had prepared carefully for her English examination so that she could be sure of passing it on her first _____.

  A. intention B. attempt C. purpose D. desire

  6. ________ food is kept in his new cave, but at last Saddam was still arrested.

  A. Large quantities of B. A great deal of C. A large number of D. Quite a few

  7. –– Let’s try operating the machine right now.

  ––Wait. Better read the _____first.

  A. instructions B. explanations C. information D. introduction

  8.The rest of the magazines________ within half an hour.

  A. is sold out B. was sold out C. were sold out D. are sold out

  9. You’d have more _____of catching the train if you took a bus to the station instead of walking.

  A. opportunity B. chance C. time D. energy

  10.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses________ much if people leave things________ they are.

  A. doesn’t change; as B. aren’t changed; like C. don’t change; like D. don’t change; as

  11. I knew I shouldn’t accept anything from such a person, but I found it difficult to turn down his _____.

  A. offer B. suggestion C. request D. plan

  12.________it is to gather with President Bush at such a special Thanksgiving Day in Iraq!

  A. what a fun B. what fun C. how fun D. what joy

  13. Oh., John________ you gave us!

  A. How a great surprise B. how pleasant surprise

  C. what a pleasant surprise D. what pleasant surprise

  14 He is________ as a leader but he hasn’t________ in teaching.

  A. success; many experiences B. a success; much experience

  C. great success; an experience D. a great success; a lot of experiences

  15 —Who did you spend last weekend with?

  —________.

  A. Palmer’s B. The Palmers’ C. The Palmers D. The Palmer’s

  名词语法练习题参考答案

  1. B。复合名词的复数中含有构词成分man / woman时,将变为men / women, 且所修饰的名词也要变成复数。

  2. C。特殊类群体名词 police / cattle 做主语时,谓语动词用复数;“警察”个体用 policeman / policewoman;牛的个体用 a head of cattle。

  3. A。signs指“手势”,还可用our expressions和gesture等body movements来表达思想。sigh意为“叹息”,words与前半句矛盾。

  4. C。make sense是习语,意为“有道理”、“意义清楚”。

  5. B。比较:attempt=尝试,企图;intention=意图;purpose=目的;desire=欲望。

  6. B。记住:a large / great / good quantity / amount of +复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数;large / great / good quantities / amounts of +复数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用复数。

  7. A。instructions说明书(常用复数),explanation解释、说明。

  8. C。Most of / Half of / Part of / part of +名作主语,谓语与of后面的名词保持一致。本题中magazines是可数名词复数,故谓语动词用复数。

  9. B。表示“机会”时,opportunity和chance两者均可;但表示“可能性”时,只能用chance。

  10. A。The number of + 名词复数,谓语常用单数;A. number of + 名词复数,谓语常用复数。

  11. A。表示主动提供的东西,用offer。

  12. B。抽象名词表泛指时一般不与冠词连用。

  13. C。抽象名词有前置或后置修饰语时,前面用不定冠词,使之具体化; 如:A. happy life / a good education in that university / a wide knowledge of nature

  14. B。表具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情緒的人和事;如:She is a success in cause but a failure in marriage.(成功者、失败者)

  15. C。表示Palmer一家人,指一家人时常用the +姓氏的复数。


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