2019-11-28 13:57:15来源：尚七网综合
International students and workers must take a standardized test of English to move into higher levels of education and employment. There are three popular tests that universities or employers can use. They are the Test of English as a Foreign Language, TOEFL, the Test of English for International Communication, TOEIC, and the International English Language Testing System, IELTS.
国际学生和国际工人为了接受更高水平的教育和进入更高层次的就业单位，必须参加英语标准化考试。大学或雇主可以采用三种流行的考试方式。它们分别是：托福(Test of English as a Foreign Language，简称：TOEFL);托业(Test of English for International Communication，简称：TOEIC);雅思(International English Language Testing System，简称：IELTS)。
In most cases, the choice is clear. A student applying to a school learns which test the program requires. However, some programs or universities will accept scores from any of the international tests of English. Then, a student may choose which test to take.
在大多数情况下，怎么选择是很清楚的。一个学生申请哪个学校，就要学习这个学校所要求的考试。然而，有些项目或大学会认可这三种英语国际测试成绩中的任何一种。这时，学生可以自己选择要参加哪个考试。
托业测试的是工作环境中的沟通能力
The Educational Testing Service, ETS, in Princeton, New Jersey, develops and administers both the TOEFL and the TOEIC. It says the TOEIC measures the everyday English skills of people working in an international environment.
位于新泽西州普林斯顿的美国教育考试服务中心(ETS)负责开发和监管托福和托业考试。托业考试衡量的是在国际环境中工作的人们的日常英语技能。
The TOEIC test started in the 1970s. The Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry asked ETS to develop a test for corporations to use. They wanted to know if non-native English speakers could carry out business in English.
托业考试开始于20世纪70年代。日本国际贸易和工业部(Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry)要求美国教育考试服务中心开发一种供企业使用的考试。他们想知道非英语国家的人是否能用英语从事商业活动。
托业考试不需要特殊的商务词汇方面的知识
The TOEIC is based on English used in the workplace. But the test does not require knowledge of special business words. The questions come from real situations like attending a company meeting.
托业以工作场合所使用的英语为基础。但是这个测试不需要特殊的商务词汇方面的知识。考试试题源自实际情景，如参加公司会议等。
Organizations sometimes use the TOEIC to measure progress in English training programs. They also use it to consider people for placement at the right level in language programs. ETS says that 14,000 organizations in 150 countries use the TOEIC.
有些机构有时用托业来衡量英语培训项目的进展。依据语言水平进行职位配置时，他们也会使用托业考试。美国教育考试服务中心表示，150个国家的14000个组织使用托业考试。
托福测试的是课堂上使用英语的能力
There are several versions of the TOEFL.
托福考试有几种形式。
托福网考，即新托福
Students take the Internet-based TOEFL, or TOEFL IBT, on a computer. Many U.S. universities require the TOEFL IBT for international student admissions.学生在电脑上通过互联网进行考试(TOEFL IBT)。许多美国的大学在招收国际学生时都要求网考。
学院托福
Another TOEFL is the paper-based TOEFL, or TOEFL ITP. It is part of ETS's institutional testing program. TOEFL ITP is used within institutions for the purpose of placement or to evaluate progress of students. It is not accepted for entrance to universities.另一种托福考试形式是纸考(TOEFL ITP)。这是美国教育考试中心的学院托福。学院托福在院校中用于学生的实习或评估学生的进步。它不作为大学录取标准。
初中托福考试
For young English learners, there are two new TOEFL tests. The TOEFL Junior Test is for young people between 11 and 15 years old. And the TOEFL Primary Test is for those over the age of eight.对年轻的英语学习者，新托福有两种考试形式。初中托福考试(TOEFL Junior Test)是为11到15岁的年轻人准备的。小学托福考试( TOEFL Primary Test)针对8岁以上的学生。
IELTS tests academic and general language skills雅思测试的是学术上的和整体的语言技能。The IELTS has two forms. The Listening and Speaking sections are the same for both forms. In the Reading and Writing sections, however, there are two different tests.雅思有两种形式。雅思的两种考试形式中，听力部分和口语部分都是一样的。但是，阅读和写作部分，有两种不同的测试。
学术类和移民类
The Academic IELTS uses topics and materials covered in undergraduate, graduate, or professional programs.
学术类雅思(Academic IELTS)的主题和材料涵盖本科生、研究生或者一些专业项目。
The General IELTS uses topics and material from everyday books, newspapers and magazines.
移民类雅思(General IELTS)的主题和材料来自于日常书籍、报纸和杂志。
学生对考试的看法
Triwik Kurniasari is a graduate student at an American university. She has taken both the IBT and ITP forms of the TOEFL and the IELTS.
Triwik Kurniasari是美国一所大学的研究生。她参加了新托福和学院托福考试以及雅思考试。
She says the paper-based, or institutional test, the TOEFL ITP, is easier. The ITP is similar to the multiple-choice tests students usually take.
她说，纸考，也就是学院托福，更加容易。学院托福类似于学生通常参加的多项选择题考试。
A major difference between the TOEFL IBT and the IELTS is in the Speaking section. On the IELTS, you have a face-to-face interview with a certified examiner. On the TOEFL IBT, you listen to a situation and record your response using a computer.
新托福和雅思的主要区别是口语部分。在雅思考试中，你有一个与考官面对面的面试。在新托福考试中，你会听到一段情景，然后用电脑录下你的回答。
新托福考试更有挑战性
Ms. Kurniasari explains why the computer-based Speaking section of the TOEFL IBT was difficult for her.
Kurniasari女士解释了为什么新托福的计算机口语部分对她来说很难。
"For the TOEFL IBT, it's more challenging because I have to speak with a computer, basically, and I didn't get to meet the real person who talked with me. I remember there were twenty or thirty people in the room. The hardest part is the speaking test because when I was about to speak, and the person next to me also started to speak, then somehow I lost concentration because I could hear what she or he said during the speaking test."
“新托福考试很有难度，因为我必须与电脑对话。我基本上没有遇到和我说话的真人。我记得房间里有二三十个人。最困难的部分是口语考试，因为当我刚要说的时候，旁边的人也开始说话，然后不知怎么地，我无法集中注意力，因为我能听到她(他)说的内容。”
On the other hand, talking to a real person one-on-one during the IELTS was easier for Ms. Kurniasari.
另一方面，对Kurniasari女士来说，雅思考试时与真人一对一交谈更容易一些。
"For the ILETS test, it requires a speaking test, but I get to meet the real person. It was just like a regular conversation so it's much more comfortable and easier for me because I got to meet the person face to face, so I think the TOEFL IBT is much more challenging."
“雅思也有口语考试，但我可以见到真人。就像平常的对话一样，它对我来说更舒服、更轻松些，因为我可以面对面地与人交流。因此我认为新托福考试是非常有挑战性的。”
Preparation class: classroom lectures and class discussions
备考课堂：老师讲解和课上讨论
Another difference between the TOEFL IBT and IELTS is the Listening section. The IELTS Listening section has four recorded monologues or conversations. The TOEFL IBT has classroom lectures by teachers and class discussions by students.
新托福和雅思的另一个区别是听力部分。雅思听力部分有四个独白或对话的录音。新托福有教师课堂上的讲解和学生们的讨论。
Ms. Kurniasari finds the TOEFL IBT classroom lectures and discussions harder to follow.
Kurniasari女士发现新托福的课堂讲座和讨论很难跟得上。
"Sometimes they use idioms too, to share their ideas or thoughts and we really have to know the meaning of the idioms. I think the TOEFL IBT is much more difficult than IELTS, especially the class discussion and when the lecturer explains the lesson in a class."
“有时他们也用一些习语，分享他们的看法或思想，我们必须要知道习语的意思。我认为新托福比雅思难多了，尤其是课堂讨论和老师讲解的时候。”
Her advice is to focus and take notes as much as possible.
她建议要集中注意力，并且要多做笔记。
"We have to really concentrate, focus, of course we can take notes, but somehow it's just too fast, and somehow you cannot really memorize the things that they've said."
“我们必须要集中精力，当然我们也可以记笔记，但是他们说得太快了，你无法真正记住他们都说了什么。”
提前为考试做好准备
Triwik Kurniasari's strategy for success is to study, study and study.
Triwik Kurniasari的成功策略是学习，学习，再学习。
"If you want to take any kind of test, make sure that you have enough time to prepare for it. I usually try to prepare myself at least two months prior to the test just to allow myself to get used to the test and to study for the test."
“如果你想参加任何考试，要确保有充足的备考时间。我通常至少会在考试前两个月做好准备，以让自己适应考试。”
利用好书本，而不是看网上免费的材料
She also recommends using books rather than free online test materials. After getting a low score the first time she took the TOEFL IBT, she spent the money on study books for the tests.
她还建议要利用书本，而不要使用网上免费的材料。她第一次的新托福考试得了一个低分，之后就把钱花在了备考书上。
"I decided to study harder and buy some books, even though they're expensive but since I wanted to get good scores... For me, books are much more effective than studying for instance, from samples on the Internet, because with the books I can go back and forth and take some notes."
“我决定再加把劲，买一些书，尽管书很贵，但我想获得好成绩啊……。对我来说，看书比在网上学更有效，因为有了书，我就可以来回翻看，并做一些笔记。”
听来自多个英语国家的人的演讲
To practice for the Listening sections of the tests, she says students should listen to native speakers from more than one country.
她说，为了练好听力，学生应该听来自多个英语国家的人的演讲。
"For listening try to listen to native speakers speaking on the radio, TV, on VOA, of course. I think the hardest part about IELTS is the accent because they use mostly British accent. I need to get used to the British accent. Sometimes they use Australian accent. And I'm not really familiar with the Australian accent."
“当然，要在广播、电视和VOA上听以英语为母语的人的讲话。我认为雅思考试最难的地方是口音，因为他们大多是英国口音。我要习惯英国口音。有时他们用澳大利亚口音。而我对澳大利亚口音不是很熟悉。”
最后一条建议
Finally, our student's last word of advice is one that your mother would probably give you – be rested and well fed.
我们的学生的最后一条建议是，你的母亲可能会给你——好好休息、好好吃饭。
"During the test you need to focus and concentrate. Before the test, make sure you get a good sleep. Make sure that you have breakfast!"
“考试期间，要集中精力。考试的前一天，一定要睡个好觉。一定要吃早餐哦!”
